In the year 1996 the United Nations adopts the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Major League Soccer had its inaugural season in the United States, Prince Charles and Diana divorce and Victor Ninov, a highly respected and rather inconspicuous Bulgarian physicist was hired by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as part of a three research team into super heavy elements. Ever since the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a rather intense competition across various fields of science, such as space exploration, nuclear weaponry, and most impressively- the search for new superheavy elements. (1) Superheavy elements include all chemical elements with atomic numbers ranging from 103 to 118. These elements don't occur naturally Ninov had previously introduced his old team to a software program nicknamed "Goosy," which was capable of analysing any accelerator's data. This software program actually played a pivotal role in the discovery of numerous elements, such as darmstadtium (110), roentgenium (111), and copernicium (112). It was with Goosey that Ninov had made his name. So it was with great excitement when this well known and highly respected physicist,Within just six months of joining the institution's research team, had made claims about the discovery of elements 114, 116, and 118, which seemed too good to be true. (see Chapman, source 1)
According to international scientific protocols, new elements can only be officially recognised after their existence is verified by repeating the experiment successfully.
n Earth; instead, they are synthesised in specialised laboratories with particle accelerators.(2)
Inside these accelerators, ions are smashed together at drastic speeds, colliding with target atoms with the possibility of achieving atomic fusion and creating larger elements. (3)
For chemists and nuclear physicists, the race to discover new elements is very important as such discoveries can have various practical applications in steady nuclear fusion for the generation of energy, a process that also takes place in stars. (4) For example, seaborgium, which has 106 protons, was first produced at the University of California, Berkeley, by directing oxygen (which has 8 protons) at californium (containing 98 protons). (This process is like trying to set up too reluctant friends on a date and hoping for a marriage.
Despite the hopes for achieving atomic fusion, working with particle accelerators is quite challenging as the hoped collisions, often referred to as "hits," are rare. In most cases, the involved nuclei break apart (just like most marriages) leading to atomic fission and even when a new element is successfully synthesised, it tends to become highly unstable, resulting in a radioactive decay within milliseconds or microseconds due to the electrostatic repulsion between the positively charged protons.(5)
Ninov had previously introduced his old team to a software program nicknamed "Goosy," which was capable of analysing any accelerator's data. This software program actually played a pivotal role in the discovery of numerous elements, such as darmstadtium (110), roentgenium (111), and copernicium (112). It was with Goosey that Ninov had made his name. So it was with great excitement when this well known and highly respected physicist,
Within just six months of joining the institution's research team, had made claims about the discovery of elements 114, 116, and 118, which seemed too good to be true. (see Chapman, source 1)
According to international scientific protocols, new elements can only be officially recognised after their existence is verified by repeating the experiment successfully.
Hence, when research groups in Japan and the GSI in Germany Attempted to reproduce these results, they had both failed leading to a thorough investigation of Ninov's team's data provision.
The investigators had concluded that Ninov, being the sole team member capable of translating computer-generated data into experimental results, fabricated data specifically related to the decay chains and the sequence of radioactive decay events related to the newly produced elements (not to overcomplicate things). (6)
The false claims caused a crisis in scientific ethical conduct on a global scale, and therefore Victor Ninov, "The man who tried to fake an element" was fired in 2002, compromising the integrity of the research; though his fellow teammates were to blame as well considering the lack of precision and diligence. (7)
When one hears the word “scientist”, or lawyer, or doctor, they imagine them as great intellectuals beholding great potential that help advance society as a whole.
Ninov though, who had an admirable reputation at the beginning of his career became known as a fraud to the international scientific community, who had crushed years of expensive education and a high profile all to chase at the short skirt of fleeting glory.
(1). Chapman, Kit. “Victor Ninov and the Element That Never Was.” Chemistry World, Chemistry World, 10 May 2023, www.chemistryworld.com/features/victor-ninov-and-the-element-that-never-was/3010596.article.
(2). “Superheavy Elements.” Physics World, 28 Aug. 2018, physicsworld.com/a/superheavy-elements/.
(3). “Particle Accelerator.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., www.britannica.com/technology/particle-accelerator. Accessed 12 Oct. 2023.
(4). Thomas, Edwin. “About Nuclear Fusion in Stars.” Sciencing, Sciencing, 2 Mar. 2019, sciencing.com/nuclear-fusion-stars-4740801.html.
(5). Elements 116 and 118 Were a Sham | Science | AAAS, www.science.org/content/article/elements-116-and-118-were-sham. Accessed 12 Oct. 2023.
(6).“The Scientific Fraud behind the ‘Discovery’ of Element 118.” Big Think, 13 June 2023, bigthink.com/the-past/uc-berkeley-ninov-elements/.
(7). “The Man Who Tried to Fake an Element.” YouTube, 21 Oct. 2022, https://youtu.be/Qe5WT22-AO8?si=EQp_ELdRBVWSgOq2. Accessed 12 Oct. 2023.
